Identify Tranisitions Experienced by Most Children and Young People Essay

A Transition is a movement, passage or change from one position, state, stage, subject or concept to another. The change can be gradual or sudden and last for differing time periods, meaning some transitions are short term while others are long term. Children make transitions without prior experience so it may feel daunting such as their first day at school, first exam or first sexual expression. Most children will experience many transitions within their life; the most common transitions that most children experience are detailed below. One common transition that children experience is moving home whether it is within the same town the already live in or to a new city. Moving from the street they know and the house they have grown up in surrounded by their friends can be a very daunting experience for children as it’s the unknown. It may cause them to become frustrated as they are been torn away from favourite places and old friends. They will also feel anxious about moving to a new town and neighbourhood and worry about making new friends. Friends may also move away either from their neighbourhood or they could move schools. This may leave the child feeling like they have lost a friend, they may feel nervous about making new friends leading them to feel anxious and shy. They will also experience upset if their friend is moving far away and they are not likely to see them again i.e. if they emigrate. Puberty is a transition that all children will experience but they will all experience puberty at a different ages while some girls start puberty around the age of 11 others don’t start till they are 15, this is also the case with boys. Puberty can be a scary thing to go through as a child it may leave them feeling confused about the changes going on in their bodies, they may also begin to feel self-conscious for example if they are maturing slower or faster than friends as they will be constantly comparing their bodies with friends bodies. Children will also feel like they have no control over the changes taking place. During this stage children might become dismissive and argumentative as a way to take out their frustration of the changes taking place within their body. Starting a new school is another transition that all children will experience i.e. when they first start nursery, primary school or secondary school. It can be a daunting experience for a child especially if none of their existing friends are going, they will feel anxious as they won’t know what to expect. They may also be nervous about the fact they have to make new friends and settle into new surroundings. Children may become shy, dismissive and anxious until they have settled in and feel comfortable within the surroundings. Another transition that children will experience is sitting their first exam, they will fell anxious and nervous about what to expect they may also be worried about the result and concerned that they haven’t done well enough to get onto the course they may want for their future career. This can cause a child a great deal of stress and anxiety so it is important that they are supported by teachers and parents. When a child experiences there first sexual experience it can be very stressful they will feel anxious about what is about to happen as they have never experienced it before they may also feel nervous about what to do and might feel shy. These are the main transitions that most children will experience as they are growing up. The situations can cause negative feelings for a child including; anxiety, nervous, embarrassed, upset, jealous, confused and frustrated. Transitions also cause positive feelings for the child including; content, excited, boost of self-esteem and proud of themselves. It is important that children experience transitions as it helps them to learn and develop and also helps them learn how to cope in different situations that may be stressful and uncomfortable. It is important that children are supported by parents, peers, teachers and other adults around them when experiencing transitions to help them cope with the situation and also to give them advice and emotional support, the support and help that is required will differ depending on the child’s age, situation, ability to cope and other individual circumstances.

Physical Sciene Exam Paper March 2012 Grade 12

GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PHYSICS (P1) FEBRUARY/MARCH 2012 MARKS: 150 TIME: 3 hours This question paper consists of 16 pages and 3 data sheets. Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 2 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. Write your centre number and examination number in the appropriate spaces on the ANSWER BOOK. Answer ALL the questions in the ANSWER BOOK. This question paper consists of TWO sections: SECTION A (25) SECTION B (125) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. You may use a non-programmable calculator.You may use appropriate mathematical instruments. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. YOU ARE ADVISED TO USE THE ATTACHED DATA SHEETS. Give brief motivations, discussions, et cetera where required. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places. Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 3 NSC DBE/Feb. –Ma r. 2012 SECTION A QUESTION 1: ONE-WORD ITEMS Give ONE word/term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word/term next to the question number (1. 1–1. 5) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. The type of energy an object has due to its motion The phenomenon which occurs when two light waves meet at a given point The unit of measurement of electrical resistance The basic principle on which electric generators function The type of line spectrum observed when electrons in an atom move from the excited state to the ground state (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) [5] QUESTION 2: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Four options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Each question has only ONE correct answer. Write only the letter (A–D) next to the question number (2. 1–2. 10) in the ANSWER BOOK. 2. A car of mass m collides head-on with a truck of mass 2m. If the car exerts a force of magnitude F on the truck during the collision, the magnitude of the force that the truck exerts on the car is †¦ A B C D 1 F 2 F 2F 4F (2) 2. 2 An object moves in a straight line on a ROUGH horizontal surface. If the net work done on the object is zero, then †¦ A B C D the object has zero kinetic energy. the object moves at constant speed. the object moves at constant acceleration. there is no frictional force acting on the object. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 4 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 2. 3A ball is released from rest from a certain height above the floor and bounces off the floor a number of times. Ignore the effects of air resistance. Which ONE of the following velocity-time graphs best represents the motion of the ball? A velocity (m ·s ) -1 B velocity (m ·s ) -1 time (s) time (s) C velocity (m ·s ) -1 D velocity (m ·s ) -1 time (s) time (s) (2) 2. 4 The diagram below shows plane water waves that spread out after passing through a single slit. barrier with single slit plane water waves The wave phenomenon observed after the water waves pass through the slit is †¦ A B C D reflection. diffraction. efraction. photoelectric effect. (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 5 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 2. 5 Monochromatic light from a point source passes through a device X. A pattern is observed on a screen, as shown in the diagram below. Key: Colour band Dark band monochromatic light source X From the observation on the screen, it can be concluded that device X is a †¦ A B C D 2. 6 prism. single slit. double slit. concave lens. (2) In the circuit diagram below, the internal resistance of the battery and the resistance of the conducting wires are negligible. The emf of the battery is E. E A V 2R R SWhen switch S is closed, the reading on voltmeter V, in volts, is †¦ A B C D 0 1 E 3 2 E 3 E screen (2) Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 6 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 2. 7 Two identical small metal spheres on insula ted stands carry equal charges and are a distance d apart. Each sphere experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude F. The spheres are now placed a distance 1 2 d apart. The magnitude of the electrostatic force each sphere now experiences is †¦ A B C D 2. 8 1 2 F F 2F 4F (2) A fully charged capacitor is connected in a circuit, as shown below. The capacitor discharges when switch S is closed.R S V Which ONE of the following graphs correctly shows the change in the voltmeter reading with time when switch S is closed? potential difference (V) potential difference (V) A B time (s) time (s) potential difference (V) potential difference (V) C D time (s) time (s) Please turn over (2) Copyright reserved Physical Sciences/P1 7 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 2. 9 When light shines on a metal plate in a photocell, electrons are emitted. The graph below shows the relationship between the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons and the frequency of the incoming light. D kinetic ener gy (J) 0 A B C requency (Hz) Which ONE of the points (A, B, C or D) on the graph represents the threshold frequency? A B C D 2. 10 A B C D (2) Overexposure to sunlight causes damage to plants and crops. Which ONE of the following types of electromagnetic radiation is responsible for this damage? A B C D Ultraviolet rays Radio waves Visible light X-rays (2) [20] TOTAL SECTION A: 25 Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 8 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 SECTION B INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4. Start EACH question on a NEW page. Leave ONE line between two subquestions, for example between QUESTION 3. and QUESTION 3. 2. Show the formulae and substitutions in ALL calculations. Round off your final numerical answers to a minimum of TWO decimal places. QUESTION 3 (Start on a new page. ) A stone is thrown vertically upward at a velocity of 10 m ·s-1 from the top of a tower of height 50 m. After some time the stone passes the edge of the tower and strikes the gr ound below the tower. Ignore the effects of friction. vi = 10 m ·s-1 1,5 m 50 m y1 3. 1 3. 2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram showing the force(s) acting on the stone during its motion. Calculate the: 3. 2. 1 3. 2. Time taken by the stone to reach its maximum height above the ground Maximum height that the stone reaches above the ground (1) (4) (4) (3) 3. 3 3. 4 USING THE GROUND AS REFERENCE (zero position), sketch a positiontime graph for the entire motion of the stone. On its way down, the stone takes 0,1 s to pass a window of length 1,5 m, as shown in the diagram above. Calculate the distance (y1) from the top of the window to the ground. (7) [19] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 9 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 4 (Start on a new page. ) The bounce of a cricket ball is tested before it is used.The standard test is to drop a ball from a certain height onto a hard surface and then measure how high it bounces. During such a test, a cricket ball of mass 0,15 kg is dropped from rest from a certain height and it strikes the floor at a speed of 6,2 m ·s-1. The ball bounces straight upwards at a velocity of 3,62 m ·s-1 to a height of 0,65 m, as shown in the diagram below. The effects of air friction may be ignored. 0,15 kg 0,65 m 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 Define the term impulse in words. Calculate the magnitude of the impulse of the net force applied to the ball during its collision with the floor.To meet the requirements, a cricket ball must bounce to one third of the height that it is initially dropped from. Use ENERGY PRINCIPLES to determine whether this ball meets the minimum requirements. (2) (3) (5) [10] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 10 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 5 (Start on a new page. ) A wooden block of mass 2 kg is released from rest at point P and slides down a curved slope from a vertical height of 2 m, as shown in the diagram below. It reaches its lowest position, point Q, at a speed of 5 m ·s-1. P 2 kg 2m 9 kg Q 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4Define the term gravitational potential energy. Use the work-energy theorem to calculate the work done by the average frictional force on the wooden block when it reaches point Q. Is mechanical energy conserved while the wooden block slides down the slope? Give a reason for the answer. The wooden block collides with a stationary crate of mass 9 kg at point Q. After the collision, the crate moves to the right at 1 m ·s-1. 5. 4. 1 5. 4. 2 Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the wooden block immediately after the collision. The total kinetic energy of the system before the collision is 25 J.Use a calculation to show that the collision between the wooden block and the crate is inelastic. (2) (6) (2) (4) (5) [19] QUESTION 6 (Start on a new page. ) An ambulance approaches an accident scene at constant velocity. The siren of the ambulance emits sound waves at a frequency of 980 Hz. A detector at the scene measures the frequency o f the emitted sound waves as 1 050 Hz. 6. 1 6. 2 6. 3 Calculate the speed at which the ambulance approaches the accident scene. Use the speed of sound in air as 340 m ·s-1. Explain why the measured frequency is higher than the frequency of the source.The principle of the Doppler effect is applied in the Doppler flow meter. State ONE positive impact of the use of the Doppler flow meter on humans. (4) (2) (2) [8] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 11 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 7 (Start on a new page. ) Learners investigate the change in the broadness of the central bright band formed when monochromatic light of different wavelengths passes through a single slit. They set up the apparatus, as shown in diagram below, and measure the broadness of the central bright band in the pattern observed on the screen.The width of the slit is 5,6 x 10-7 m. screen first dark band monochromatic light ? midpoint of central bright band 0,033 m first dark band 0,45 m 7. 1 7. 2 7. 3 Write down an investigative question. Which TWO variables are kept constant? In one of their experiments, the distance from the midpoint of the central bright band to the first dark band is measured to be 0,033 m. Calculate the wavelength of the light used in this experiment. (2) (2) (5) 7. 4 How will the broadness of the central bright band of red light compare with that of blue light? Write down only GREATER THAN, SMALLER THAN or EQUAL TO.Give a reason for the answer. (2) [11] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 12 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 8 (Start on a new page. ) Two metal spheres, P and Q, on insulated stands, carrying charges of +5 x 10-9 C and +5 x 10-9 C respectively, are placed with their centres 20 mm apart. X is a point at a distance of 10 mm from sphere Q, as shown below. 20 mm +5 x 10-9 C P 10 mm +5 x 10-9 C Q X 8. 1 8. 2 8. 3 8. 4 Define the term electric field. Sketch the net electric field pattern for the two charge s. Calculate the net electric field at point X due to the presence of P and Q.Use your answer to QUESTION 8. 3 to calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force that an electron will experience when placed at point X. (2) (3) (6) (3) [14] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 13 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 9 (Start on a new page. ) 9. 1 Learners use Ohm's law to determine which ONE of two resistors A and B has the greater resistance. For each resistor, they measure the current through the resistor for different potential differences across its ends. The graph below shows the results obtained in their investigation. A current (A) B potential difference (V) 9. 1. 1The learners are supplied with the following apparatus: 6 V battery Voltmeter Ammeter Rheostat Resistors A and B Conducting wires Draw a circuit diagram to show how the learners must use the above apparatus to obtain each of the graphs shown above. (4) (1) 9. 1. 2 9. 1. 3 Write down ONE var iable that must be kept constant during this investigation. Which ONE of A or B has the higher resistance? Give an explanation for the answer. (3) Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 14 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 9. 2 In the circuit diagram below, the battery has an emf of 12 V and an internal resistance of 0,8 ?.The resistance of the ammeter and connecting wires may be ignored. 12 V 0,8 ? 2? 4? A 8? 8? V Calculate the: 9. 2. 1 9. 2. 2 9. 2. 3 Effective resistance of the circuit Reading on the ammeter Reading on the voltmeter (4) (3) (4) [19] Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 15 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 10 (Start on a new page. ) 10. 1 The essential components of a simplified DC motor are shown in the diagram below. coil B C N A D S brushes split-ring commutator When the motor is functioning, the coil rotates in a clockwise direction, as shown. 10. 1. Write down the function of each of the following components: (a) (b) 1 0. 1. 2 Split-ring commutator Brushes (1) (1) What is the direction of the conventional current in the part of the coil labelled AB? Write down only FROM A TO B or FROM B TO A. Will the coil experience a maximum or minimum turning effect (torque) if the coil is in the position as shown in the diagram above? State ONE way in which this turning effect (torque) can be increased. (1) 10. 1. 3 (1) (1) 10. 1. 4 10. 2 Alternating current (AC) is used for the long-distance transmission of electricity. 10. 2. 1 10. 2. Give a reason why AC is preferred over DC for long-distance transmission of electricity. An electric appliance with a power rating of 2 000 W is connected to a 230 V rms household mains supply. Calculate the: (a) (b) Peak (maximum) voltage rms current passing through the appliance (3) (3) [12] Please turn over (1) Copyright reserved Physical Sciences/P1 16 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 QUESTION 11 (Start on a new page. ) In the diagram shown below, electrons are released from a metal plate when light of a certain frequency is shone on its surface. incident light metal surface eA 11. 1 11. 2Name the phenomenon described above. The frequency of the incident light on the metal plate is 6,16 x 1014 Hz and electrons are released with a kinetic energy of 5,6 x 10-20 J. Calculate the: 11. 2. 1 11. 2. 2 Energy of the incident photons Threshold frequency of the metal plate (1) (3) (5) 11. 3 The brightness of the incident light is now increased. What effect will this change have on the following: (Write down only INCREASES, DECREASES or REMAINS THE SAME. ) 11. 3. 1 11. 3. 2 The reading on the ammeter Explain the answer. The kinetic energy of the released photoelectrons Explain the answer. 2) (2) [13] 125 150 TOTAL SECTION B: GRAND TOTAL: Copyright reserved Physical Sciences/P1 1 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 DATA FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE 12 PAPER 1 (PHYSICS) GEGEWENS VIR FISIESE WETENSKAPPE GRAAD 12 VRAESTEL 1 (FISIKA) TABLE 1: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS/TABEL 1: FISI ESE KONSTANTES NAME/NAAM Acceleration due to gravity Swaartekragversnelling Speed of light in a vacuum Spoed van lig in ‘n vakuum Planck's constant Planck se konstante Coulomb's constant Coulomb se konstante Charge on electron Lading op elektron Electron mass Elektronmassa Permittivity of free space Permittiwiteit van vry ruimteSYMBOL/SIMBOOL g c h k e me ?0 VALUE/WAARDE 9,8 m ·s-2 3,0 x 108 m ·s-1 6,63 x 10-34 J ·s 9,0 x 109 N ·m2 ·C-2 -1,6 x 10-19 C 9,11 x 10-31 kg 8,85 x 10-12 F ·m-1 Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 2 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 TABLE 2: FORMULAE/TABEL 2: FORMULES MOTION/BEWEGING v f = v i + a ? t 1 1 ? x = v i ? t + 2 a? t 2 or/of ? y = v i ? t + 2 a? t 2 2 2 v f = v i + 2a? x or/of v f = v i + 2a? y FORCE/KRAG 2 2 ? v +vf ? ? v +vf ? ?x = ? i ? ?t or/of ? y = ? i ? ?t ? 2 ? ? 2 ? Fnet = ma Fnet ? t = ? p ? p = mv f ? v i p = mv w = mg WORK, ENERGY AND POWER/ARBEID, ENERGIE EN DRYWING W = F? x cos ? 1 or/of K = mv 2 2 P= W ? t Ek = 1 mv 2 2 U = mgh Wnet = ? K ?K = K f ? K i or/of or/of or/of E P = mgh Wnet = ? Ek ?Ek = Ekf ? Eki P = Fv WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT/GOLWE, KLANK EN LIG v=f? fL = v  ± vL fs v  ± vs or/of fL = v  ± vL fb v  ± vb 1 f E = hf T= E= h c ? E = Wo + Ek sin ? = m? a where/waar 1 E = hf and/en W0 = hf0 and/en Ek = mv 2 2 Copyright reserved Please turn over Physical Sciences/P1 3 NSC DBE/Feb. –Mar. 2012 ELECTROSTATICS/ELEKTROSTATIKA Q 1Q 2 r2 V E= d kQ Q U= 1 2 r Q C= V F= kQ r2 F E= q W V= q ? A C= 0 d E= ELECTRIC CIRCUITS/ELEKTRIESE STROOMBANE V R= I R s = R1 + R 2 + †¦ 1 1 1 = + + †¦ R p R1 R 2 W = Vq W = VI ? t W= I2R ? t V 2 ? t W= R emf ( ? ) = I(R + r) emk ( ? ) = I(R + r) q=I ? t W ? t P= P = VI P = I2R V2 P= R ALTERNATING CURRENT/WISSELSTROOM I rms = I max 2 Vmax 2 / I I wgk = maks 2 Vwgk = Vmaks 2 Paverage = Vrms I rms 2 Paverage = I rms R / / / Pgemiddeld = Vwgk I wgk Pgemiddeld = I 2 R wgk Vrms = / Paverage 2 Vrms = R Pgemiddeld = 2 Vwgk R Copy right reserved

Analysis of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” Essay

The Speech I have chosen to do is â€Å"I have a dream† by Martin Luther King. â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.† I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.† This is a particularly inspirational speech because he was saying exactly what he felt and it came straight from his heart, and it was exactly what the people that were listening were thinking about the how they were being treated. The speech shows how angry he is with all the racism in the United States of America, and he tells everyone how things should be, this worked particularly well because all the black people in America were treated poorer than white people and it summed up all the hatred and anger that was inside them. Martin Luther king used very cleverly thought out sentence structure to make more impact on the listeners. He used the quick and snappy sentences to grab their attention and then he would use the longer sentences to explain his deeper feelings. Luther king also uses the word freedom a lot because it shows that is what they didn’t have, which also again makes the listeners feel that they don’t have a lot of freedom. The definition of inspiration is â€Å"the process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.† This is exactly what Dr King got people that listened to his speech to feel, inspired to do something to help themselves. Thank you for listening.

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Review - Essay Example o take people’s property and rarely are they prosecuted, but even if they face charges, rarely do they spend a night in prison since they have all the money they require for bail. Michael Moore produced the documentary on 2009 in association with Anne Moore. The essay will relay detailed and precise information on how capitalism tore the US apart as depicted in Moore’s documentary and how this directly affected the nation’s economy. In the beginning of the documentary, Moore shows how the US government evicts hard working American citizens from their homes just because there was a delay in mortgage payment. According to Moore, the repossessed houses usually go back to real estate agencies such as â€Å"Condo Vultures† who resell them to other willing buyers while the previous owners are left homeless with no place to go (Moore). Moore further states that if one is of higher class, he could easily acquire property five times more than anybody else could. This is because he or she has powerful connections that normally conceal the acts. This is what Moore refers as the law of life. For instance, whereas many low class Americans were being evicted from their homes that were later on being sold, other people such as owners of â€Å"Condo Vultures†, a real estate agency based in Florida flourished rapidly from selling repossessed homes (Moore). It is because of this that the US experienced weakened uni ons, more political powers granted to corporations in addition to widened socioeconomic gap between the high class and lower class persons (Moore). Apart from foreclosures, other illegal activities highlighted in the documentary include the children’s’ cash scandal where two judges; Mark Ciavarella and Michael Conahan received millions of dollars from Robert Mericle an owner of two private juvenile facilities. The two judges were accused of receiving the money in return, they were to increase the number of prisoners referred to Mericle’s juvenile facilities

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Research Paper

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire - Research Paper Example This gradual decline that eventually ended with the crumbling of the empire is widely debated by scholars and the events involved were comprehensively documented. This paper will cite some of the important reasons cited by these sources and in the process identify the most important and credible causation for the fall. Background The Roman Empire succeeded the Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization. In its early years, it has effectively expanded the dominion acquired by its predecessor. By 98 AD, Emperor Trajan has dramatically extended the borders of the Empire, with the empire finally covering more than 6.5 million square miles of land, spanning the entire perimeter of the Mediterranean Sea, stretching as far north as Scotland, south to Arabia and east to Mesopotamia.1 This is the reason why the Roman Empire is considered to be one of the greatest to have ruled in history. The Romans considered themselves lords of the world and it seemed like it was actually true. As Marshall pointed out, â€Å"all the trade and skill, all the art and learning of the known world, were theirs,† and that â€Å"beyond the borders of the Roman Empire the world was given over to wild barbarians, who were skilled neither in the arts of war nor of peace.2† Its decline and fall has been the subject of numerous academic discussions. There are those who identify that the Rome's descent to moral decay is the culprit as the Roman nobility engaged in excessive sensual pleasures and indulgences, which corrupted its society in the process. This is a popular theme in explaining the decline of other civilizations as well. In the discourse of the fall of the Roman Empire, Livy’s position is one of the commonly referenced. In the History of Rome, for instance, he wrote, â€Å"as disciplined gradually declined†¦ then, sinking farther and farther, then beginning to fall precipitate, until he arrives at the present times, when our vices have attained to suc h height of enormity, that we can no longer endure either the burden of them, or the sharpness of the necessary remedies.†3 But according to Ermatinger (2004), this school is always ill-argued because Rome has been self-indulgent since the middle Republic or as far back as 200 B.C.4 So if self-indulgence and immorality was the reason why it declined, why did Rome persisted and even flourished for several centuries more? Also one can always say that a previous society is morally corrupt but that all societies have this particular decadent aspect and, hence, it is just an easy but ineffectual argument to explain the fall of civilizations. Then, there is also the claim that garnered a lot of interest during the 1970s, which argued that the decline of Rome can be attributed to lead poisoning after the government installed lead pipes for its water system. Romans were also reportedly have used lead tableware for their dining and drinking. But this claim remained unsubstantiated and eventually dispelled. According to Wells, for instance, Byzantium have endured several centuries more than Rome and that their water system may have been derived from the kind used in the Western Empire.5 This point also supports the argument that Rome could have declined earlier since lead is indeed harmful to the brain and overall health. Lead pipes could have shown its adverse effect on the Roman population and could have tremendously shortened the lifespan of the Empire. Anthropologists have also found few quantities of lead in Roman

Consequences and Implications of Afghanistan Assisting Baluch Research Paper

Consequences and Implications of Afghanistan Assisting Baluch Seperatists - Research Paper Example Still, there are multiple issues between the two countries, like Durand Line, the present war in Afghanistan, Taliban, the legacy of Soviet invasions and the issues pertaining to Baluchistan and Pashtunistan, which are impacting the relationships between the two nations. Pakistan has time and again objected to assistance being extended by Afghanistan to the Baluch separatists. It goes without saying that if the perception regarding the Afghan assistance to Baluch separatists continues to exist; this could have multiple consequences for the already unstable state of Afghanistan. Afghanistan shares multiple historical and economic continuities and discontinuities with Pakistan in a long term perspective. Existing Issues between Pakistan and Afghanistan The Durand Line established in 1893 as per an agreement between the British India and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan is a bone of contention between Pakistan and Afghanistan (Banuazizi & Weiner 6). Pakistan inherited the demarcation of the spher e of influence by the Durand Line, after its partition from India in 1947. As per the Afghan government, it still refuses to accept the Durand Line as a true arbitrator of the sphere of influence between the two nations (Roberts 168). ... There does not lay any formal agreement for the ratification of the Durand Line between the two countries (Burki 198). The relations between the two Islamic nations continue to be strained because it is a firm belief of the Afghan authorities that Pakistan tends to exert a negative influence on Afghanistan (Campbell 65). Afghanistan has time and again blamed the Pakistani intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of meddling in the internal affairs of Afghanistan by supporting and arming the Taliban and other militant groups (Crews & Tarzi 69). Pakistan has continually denied these allegations by offering the excuse that the Pak military and intelligence has never tried to destabilize Afghanistan and it is primarily the non-state actors in Pakistan that support and arm the militant groups operating in Afghanistan. With the augmenting support of the United States regarding an Afghan led invasion of the militant tribes on the Pak-Afghan borders, the relationships between th e two nations have further got strained. Afghanistan plays an important strategic role as far as the Pakistani strategy in response to any future conflict with India is concerned (Baxter & Kennedy 54). It is a firm belief of the Pakistani strategists that in the event of a war with India, it would be pragmatic to shift the Pakistani supply lines in Afghanistan, so as to prepare for a counter offensive against India. Many Pakistanis support these envisaged strategic ties considering the religious, cultural, historical, linguistic and ethnic bonds between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan has continued to exercise an important role in the regime shifts in Afghanistan in the past. Pakistan supported the Mujahedeen offensive against the Russians, the internal

Chlamydia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chlamydia - Research Paper Example In addition, it affects both men and women. Additionally, about 30 to 50 percent of the women in the United States have been exposed to the bacterium at one point in their life. Additionally, Chlamydia ascends to the upper genital tract if left untreated in about 40 percent of the cases. As a result, C. trachomatis is known to be one of the major causes of acquired infertility. Generally, due to the high prevalence and adverse complication of untreated infections Chlamydia remains a major public health problem in industrialized countries (Dean, et al., 2009). As aforementioned, Chlamydia is transmitted from one individual to another through oral and sexual contact. Penetrative sexual intercourse is the primary mode of transmission. Chlamydia is transmitted through the vagina, anus, and oral sexual intercourse with an disease-ridden partner (Malhotra, Sood, Mukherjee, Muralidhar, & Bala, 2013). Infected individuals are the reservoirs of the infection. According to Breguet (2006), Mother to Child Transmission (MCT) can occur during vaginal delivery. In addition, conjunctivitis can occur on the occasion that a person touches his or her eyes with infected hands. The infections occur in the urethra, cervix, throat, rectum, eyes, throat, penis, and cervix (Breguet, 2006). According to the CDC (2007), a quarter of the females infected and half of the males do not present with any symptoms. In this regard, it is referred to as the ‘silent’ disease. However, in the population that presents with symptoms, they usually occur within 1 to 3 weeks after infection. Additionally, the symptoms tend to present differently in both men and women. The urethra and the cervix are the major organs affected in women. After an infection, women present with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge and pain when passing urine. An infection of the cervix and fallopian tubes is characterized by symptoms such as pain during copulation, abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain,

Education Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education Law - Essay Example The significance of the case is to show that school authorities should ensure that the off-campus rules they implement need clear wording, applied and interpreted for students who do not understand them. The case is an excellent example for school authority officials and for students showing what happens in instances when school rules get breached. The student was not suspended from carrying out other school activities and functions, but got suspended from the baseball team as punishment for being in possession of alcohol. The violation of school rules warrants different punishments. However, certain factors have to be considered before enforcing such punishments. The first factor is the seriousness of the offense. Other factors such as the student’s age, the student’s code adopted by the board, the attitude and how often the student commits the offense are also important to assess. Lastly, the other two factors include requirements of chapter 37 of the education code and the potential effect that the student’s misconduct has on the school environment. The first concept is that the state has to take action (Lesson 3). For example, a teacher from a private school who gets fired without getting a notice from the school’s board of team members has the right to complain for contractual breach. In such an instance the school becomes liable for a lawsuit because it violates its own policies. The second concept is that the person must have been dispossessed of his or her property or liberty by the state for the court to accept that there has been a violation of due process. In this case, the state is liable for violation of due process because of breaching the contract formed between it and the person. The third concept is that the nature of due process is dependent on how severe the problem is in a case. In a case where a person has killed another person and gets sentenced to life imprisonment or death penalty, the state is liable for

Brand Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brand Implementation - Essay Example It is a process for constant and reliable application of the brand image among major of the leading business units, media and communication channels. However, it does not encompass the design and creation of brand identity. Industry Background and the Competitors EAT was founded in the year1996, with the determination of delivering best quality food, coffee and soup in London at rational price. Presently, more than 100 shops all over London are offering handmade food every day. According to the statistics of the year 2011, the organization is having market share of 76%. The CAGR is +27%. It mainly offers soups, sandwiches, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, cold drinks, juices, coffees etc. Mark &Spencer, Pret a manager, Costa, Starbucks are the main competitors of the company. The sales growth for the year 2011 is more than 13%, whereas the outlet volume growth is more than 11%. The founder of the company is Faith MacArthur and Niall MacArthur. According to them, EAT is a family owned organization dedicated to provide quality food. People of London can also get the home delivery option from the registered company website. Few simple steps will help to bring the food in home within a small period of time. Challenges and Opportunities In order to determine EAT’s challenges and opportunities, SWOT analysis can be framed below. The SWOT analysis will help EAT to make a better brand positioning for the company. This strategic framework will help to reveal EAT’s internal strengths, weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. SWOT Analysis Strengths The food quality is superior. Homemade fresh food used to offer every day by the organization. More than 100 shops are situated in London. The price of the food is also rational. The sales growth is more than 13%. The volume growth is 11%. They used to provide home delivery for every individual customer. The organization has become popular among the local customers. Market share is more than 76%. T he CAGR rate is also more than 27% Experience is more than 10 years. Weaknesses The outlets are only London based. CSR reports are not included. Lower range of products has failed to increase customer base. The space area is very limited within the outlets. New and menu sections in the company website are not accessible. Cost of production is very high. Relevant information is very nominal for the company. Inadequate packaging quality. Opportunities Expansion of business footprint across the country. Traditional food items can increase the brand awareness of people. Promoting food menu and price range in social media networks. Cost-effective business operation strategy may result profit maximization. The organization can introduce healthy food items as the demand for healthy foods is increasing. Need to tie-up with hospitals, trains and several domestic and international airways. Designing new logo and slogan. Online promotional activities will increase the brand awareness. Threats Big competitors like Sainsbury, Tesco, and Marks & Spenser’s will pose a big threat to the company. As it is a sensitive industry, the organization may face several legal barriers. Huge capital required in order to expand business. Economic downfall and low disposable income of people. People are tending to avoid outside foods due to the food safety factors. One unsatisfied

Activlives Charity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Activlives Charity - Essay Example Similarly, one of the ‘birthday’ events managed to raise a generous amount of donations. Additionally, the organization has partnered with websites such as â€Å"localgiving.com† which offer single and monthly donation options along with gift cards as low as  £15, the proceeds of which are used for activities such as lunches and singing of ActivLives’ members (Localgiving.com, n.d.). 2. Integration marketing communication analysis of ActivLives charity Usually charities use both B2B and B2C communications to collect donations from corporate sector and public respectively. Emotional marketing is used to get the sympathy of donors and the use of value propositions is largely ignored in this sector (IDM, n.d.). The company has partnered with popular personalities such as the former footballer Roger Osborne to promote its brand and collect funds. Events such as the first birthday of the Community Garden promoted the ActivSinging project of the company (Aallaboutipswich.com, n.d.). 3. Marketing segmentation of ActivLives charity ActivLives charity has segmented its market on the basis of geography as well as age. It targets people of Ipswich and Suffolk, particularly the older segment for which it claims to promote mental and physical fitness and an active live (ActivLives, 2013). The segmentation was done on the basis of careful analysis of demographics as the company claims that both the geographic locations are marked by â€Å"high urban deprivation† (ActivLives, 2013). Theory suggests that segments ought to be evaluated on the basis of their size, growth, profitability, competitors as well as business resources (Kotler, 2008). Hence, the segment seems significant enough to be targeted. Segment growth is also high as the U.K is witnessing an ageing population. The aspect of segment’s profitability remains questionable since ActivLives works as a charity and not a for-profit organization. 4. Social Media analysis ActivLives has a strong presence on the social media, particularly twitter and F acebook. However, it has yet to gain greater fan following and, at presents, touts only 127 fans on Facebook. Charities can either engage in fundraising, awareness raising and lobbying as far as their social media campaigns are concerned (CharityComms, 2013). Although ActivLives does not engage in lobbying, it has taken some steps towards fundraising by sharing ‘links’ of its external partner websites on Facebook. Also, it has promoted its â€Å"winter warmer kits† through viral marketing on facebook. However, it has yet to make use of more sophisticated tools such as â€Å"Twibbon† for gaining funds through social media. 5. Target markets The primary target market for ActivLives is â€Å"older adults† particularly those aged 45 years and above in the highly deprived area of Ipswich, for whom the company intends to offer an improved lifestyle including health and general fitness (Localgiving.com, n.d.). Social activities targeted at these individual s are aimed at fostering positive mental and physical fitness amongst these individuals by keeping them active. The secondary target market is people of all ages (not just older adults) for whom ActivLives attempts to offer work placements, educational and health support (ActivLives, 2013). 6. Brand Positioning Building a charity brand requires emphasis on the desire to bring a change to the lives of living things as well as the beliefs and values that accompany it. Clearly, the charities sector is quite competitive in the U.K with over 160,000 charities (Charity Commission, 2013). ActivLives lacks a pre-defined cause such as cancer

Final year project (( part 1 )) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Final year project (( part 1 )) - Essay Example There is a lot of information that needs to be managed. Handling all this manually (on paper) would further complex it. Since the league allows the smallest clubs to play, therefore, there are over 140 leagues with 480 divisions. This number varies every year. This indicates the amount of information that is to be managed. This is the age of technology. Every department whether it is related to computer or not is being automated. Automation helps in speeding up processes. It also ensures accuracy. That is why most organizations support automation to a very large extent. There are several departments that take care of the league information. The synchronization of information is not an easy task, especially when the information is on paper. That is why a system that could not only store the information but also maintain is required. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a League Table Management System that should be a stand-alone application that could be accessed through out the organization. The system should provide with the facility of editing team details, match points, allocation of matches, location and time of events, etc. The English football league system, otherwise known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in England. The system consists of a hierarchy of leagues, bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation. Clubs that are successful in their league can rise higher in the pyramid, whilst those that finish at the bottom can find themselves sinking further down. In theory it is possible for a lowly local amateur club to rise to the pinnacle of the English game and become champions of the Premier League. The top five levels contain one division each. Below this, the levels have progressively more parallel leagues, which each cover progressively smaller geographic areas.

E-Learning Management System Essay Example for Free

E-Learning Management System Essay Philippines-based LexioNet Corporation launches the countrys first and only SCORM-compliant Learning Management System (LMS) and online campus. Philippines-based LexioNet Corporation announced the release of the countrys first and only Learning Management System (LMS) that conforms to the rigorous specifications of the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), the de-facto global standard in Web-based learning. Widely adopted by the US government, large business enterprises and academic institutions worldwide, SCORM primarily addresses issues of interoperability between e-learning content, tools and systems. The Lexioâ„ ¢ Online Campus, powered by the companys SCORM-compliant engine, is an interactive learning environment that makes teaching and learning a fun and engaging experience. Students can study and practice any time, from any computer with access to the Internet. Teachers and courseware developers, on the other hand, can create rich and reusable Web-based learning content using a variety of SCORM-compliant authoring tools. All Lexioâ„ ¢ virtual classrooms have exclusive forums for online discussions to facilitate student-teacher interaction, team learning, and collaboration. Moreover, Lexioâ„ ¢ has multilingual features and offers a broad spectrum of basic course materials that go beyond geographic borders. Bong Cosca, LexioNet CEO, said the launch of the Lexioâ„ ¢ Online Campus represents a significant milestone in the Philippines efforts to accelerate economic growth through educational development, information technology and globalization. E-Learning Management System by Angelo. G. Garcia || Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online Manila, Philippines — Never mind that we are the texting or the Facebook capital of the world, the truth is the Philippines is still far behind as far as e-learning is concerned. While most countries are now adopting technologically-based learning experience in their education systems, the Philippines is yet to start on a 12-year basic education curriculum. The government has no concrete plans either when it comes to e-learning. For instance, Singapore’s Ministry of Education created a solid e-learning plan in their education system as early as 1997. Today, in Nanyang Girls’ High School in Singapore, students are provided with iPads as part of their e-learning system. â€Å"Students today do not learn the same way like their parents did. Children today are so engrossed with their devices. They don’t even talk to parents anymore, everybody is looking at their gadgets and the interaction is not there anymore,† explained Paul Tan, department head of Information and Communication Technology, Nanyang Girls’ High School. This school also uses a system that allows students to access their lessons anytime, anywhere. Students just need a strong wi-fi connection wherever they are and they are good to go. â€Å"Learning should be extended. Learning should go beyond the four walls of the classroom. We capitalize on the technological environment. E-learning makes it possible to do this even beyond the school walls. There are many possibilities in learning. Learning should be colourful and exciting but it has ultimately one goal — to educate the students,† Tan shared during the Diwa e-Learning presentation at the recent Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines Conference (CEAP), held in Davao City. When Singapore started their Information Communication Technology (ICT) Masterplan 1 in 1997, they started with the foundation, training teachers with the basic use of technology and building the necessary infrastructure support. Then came Masterplan 2 which focused on what technology to use in the system. And then it was time for Masterplan 3, the actual integration of ICT in the classroom. All in all, it took them 14 years to achieve the system that they have now. In this system, schools are connected to the internet, a necessary tool in e-learning. Technologies such as Google Earth and Global Positioning System (GPS) are being used in Geography classes, for instance. â€Å"We really encourage them to think beyond the box. They can learn anywhere. Apart from the technology, the walls in classroom are painted with a special kind of paint that allows the student to use whiteboard marker to just write to express their ideas,† Tan said. Singapore also tells its students to use better social networking websites like edmodo.com, a secure website that connects teachers and students. This site also allows teachers and students to collaborate, share content, access homework and grades. â€Å"We aim to have a student-centered learning through engaging lessons. So instead of Facebook, our students use a website that is safe and purely for education,† Tan shared. However, Tan qualified, technology does not replace everything in school. He said that teachers still play a vital role in education. â€Å"Students can get a lot of information online. How to turn this information to knowledge, that’s where teachers come in to verify and explain to the students about all these information,† he said. Tan shared that the most important part of this education revolution is commitment. â€Å"The government is committed, stakeholders are committed, students are interested, teachers want to learn. Commitment from all parties is very important.† In the Philippines, several schools are already starting to adopt e-learning in their education system. One such school is Don Bosco Technical Institute (DBTI) in Makati which has been using the Genyo e-Learning program by Diwa Learning Systems for three years now. Genyo is the first and only fully-integrated online learning management system for basic education. DBTI first started with teacher training in 2006, and it was not surprising that there was initial resistance from the faculty. But they forged on, said DBTI-M high school principal Lito Tenerife, even conducting constant dialogue with parents to make sure that everything was explained to them. By 2009, the school had already subscribed to the Genyo e-learning management system covering five subjects: Filipino, Math, English, Science, and History. Classrooms were connected to the internet, and equipment like laptop computers and projectors were acquired. Tenerife said that the impact on students already shows. â€Å"If a teacher announces to the students that tomorrow they have Genyo, they participate as if it’s their last day in school. It becomes a motivation factor that upon knowing that the following day they will have Genyo classes.† â€Å"Education today is not business as usual. The classrooms and learners of today are totally different from the learners that we were in high school. As responsible educators and policy makers, we need to take a closer look on how we are doing things,† explained Jose Maria Policarpio, executive director of of Diwa Learning Systems. It is a fact that today’s students belong to the millennial generation. They are children born in 1990 onwards. They have short attention spans. They are multi-taskers. And they are highly intuitive in technology. â€Å"These students have different learning styles. Some are auditory, some are visual and some are tactile. They learn best when they touch things, when they interact with things. We have to respect that if we want to be effective. We have a declining quality of education in the Philippines. We have to get our act together. If our basic education is not so firm, we should start with that,† Policarpio stressed. He recommends that before a school goes into the e-learning bandwagon, they should carefully plan first like what Singapore and Don Bosco Technical Institute did in their respective systems. E-learning systems should be easy to use. They should motivate students to learn. It should be something the students have no previously access to. It should go beyond traditional techniques. But first, the schools, and the government for that matter, should be willing to invest in their students’ education. â€Å"The ineffective use of technology must be corrected. Many use the PCs just to look for information, which is like looking at an encyclopedia. There are many effective technologies, the PowerPoint for example, it give you a new way of delivering your old content. Levelling, technology should afford to democratize education. Whether you’re rich or poor, disabled or abled, you should be able to get education. It should be transformative and should offer something new in doing things. Technology should be used to serve a purpose. Technology should not be used for technology’s sake,† Policarpio ends.

Solutions for the Water Deficit

Solutions for the Water Deficit Ground water Takatuf Problem Lack of groundwater become a big problem these days. Groundwater is important and useful; many countries are depending on groundwater to supply clear, reliable water to the citizen. Here in Oman we have the same problem and it mostly exists in Al-Batinah coast where I live. You can utilize this type of water in many other areas such as farming, domestic and industrial. We must find solutions to these problems, to eliminate the deficit in the aquifer because this problem has many negative effects. These effects are a reduction in the level of the earths surface and some dry wells because groundwater descent into the deep, forcing farmers often to deepen the pumps to reach the water but, this solution will cost them a lot. Drought pumps may cause dry conditions in some agricultural regions because they use pumps to provide water for their farms. Some citizen are suffering from drought because they depended on these wells to provide clear water for them to drink it, but, few of those ci tizen impacted by maxing of sea salt water fresh groundwater which Change water quality to become undrinkable and this cause shortage of clean drinking water. In these areas like Al-Batinah people are also facing a shortage of drinking water. This issue exist in Oman before more than 30 years since the population rose. Farmers are more affected by this issue because they depend mostly on the ground water for agriculture. Citizens are suffering too because it is the main source of clean water which they drink. One of the causes of this problem is saltwater intrusion, â€Å"saltwater intrusion is the movement of seawater into aquifers and salt water mixing with ground water, which can contribute to ground water pollution and other consequences† (Wikipedia, 2014). We are facing this problem in Al-Batinah and Salalah coasts, a huge quantity of saltwater intrusion into the aquifers that contaminates clean water. The second cause is water deficit in Al-Batinah coast which is about 350 million cubic meters per year because sea water goes through groundwater layers and this causes groundwater pollution. Rising population is another major cause for this issue, when the population increases the proportion of water consumption increases. The fourth reason of the shortage is lack of rainfall and this affect negatively on the storage of groundwater because; rain is the first source of the groundwater the rain Nourishes the water storage. Solutions Many countries started to solve this issue, for example, United Arab Emirates launched the project cloud-seeding for artificial rain and here is the meaning of cloud seeding, â€Å"Cloud seeding, a form of weather modification, is the attempt to change the amount or type of precipitation that falls from clouds, by dispersing substances into the air that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which alter the microphysical processes within the cloud.’’ (Wikipedia, 2014). They do some research about the clouds for the operation then they send special airplane for this mission, they target clouds then they seed them, this operation has some consequences if they used it constantly due to the accumulation of silver iodide in the air, which is toxic. This operation cost around 11 million dollars. In Australia and some cities in United States of America they used Aquifer Storage and Recovery Systems. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is the re-injection of potable water back into an aquifer for later recovery and use. ASR has been done for municipal, industry and agriculture use† (Wikipedia, 2014). They dig many wells close to dams and they treat rainwater sea water and after that they inject the water to Tertiary aquifers to store it there to use it any time they need it; this plan was a huge success in Australia and USA and now they want to expand this project. In Egypt they used a strategy, Integrated water resources management (IWRM) which has been defined by the Global Water Partnership (GWP) as a process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. (Wikipedia, 2014). Concluding Statement It is hard to choice one of them but, in my view ASR system is the best solution for the country because ASR unlike cloud-seeding it does not have any consequences; it has many benefits. In Al-Batinah we are suffering from floods when the sky rain therefore, it is better to stop the floods by pumping the water to the ground to recharge the groundwater by this solution we do not waste any drop and we stop floods and at the same time we store groundwater. References Aquifer storage and recovery. (2014, November 27). Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery Butalia, N. (2013, May 8). Cloud seeding : Making it rain. Khaleej Times. Retrieved November 29, 2014. Cloud seeding. (2014, November 18). Retrieved November 26, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_seeding Groundwater and Drought. (n.d.). USGS: Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/drought/ Groundwater Management in Oman. (n.d.). Groundwater governance. Retrieved September 16, 2014, from http://www.groundwatergovernance.org/files How cloud seeding has helped to increase UAE rainfall. (2014, August 25). Retrieved November 26, 2014, from http://www.readme.ae/articles/tech/Rainmakers Integrated water resources management. (2014, September 17). Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_water_re Integrated water resources plan, Egypt. (n.d.). deltares. Retrieved September 23, 2014, from http://www.deltares.nl/en/project/1210539/integrated-water-resources-plan-egypt Kazmi, A. (2013, September 29). 124 cloud seeding operations since start of year. Retrieved November 26, 2014, from http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/weather/124-cloud-seeding-operations-since-start-of-year-1.1236770 Platt, B. (n.d.). Aquifer Storage and Recovery Systems. Small Wars Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/aquifer-storage-and-recovery-systems Saltwater intrusion. (2014, August 24). Wikipedia. Retrieved September 18, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_intrusion Subaihi, T. A. (2014, February 26). Abu Dhabi Air Expo: The National. Retrieved September 19, 2014, from http://www.thenational.ae/uae/meet-the-uae-cloud-seeding-captain-who-flies-into-the-eye-of-the-storm

The History Of Java Philosophy Essay

The History Of Java Philosophy Essay Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991 and first released in 1995. Its development was led by the Green Team, managed by the flagship programmer James Gosling. In the beginning was to be called Oak, and there are many theories of why this name, being the most accepted the fact that there was an oak tree (Oak in English) against the Green Team office. That name turned out to be little commercial locations, apart from already having been registered. Finally, at the offices of Sun, it was decided to call it Java. In the beginning was conceived as a programming language oriented to system fixed and domestic appliances. This did not have the awaited success and under the expectations. The Web was the lever that drives this language with a technology called applets that were desktop applications that could develop into a web environment, through a plugin in any browser. This created a business strategy between Sun Microsystems and Netscape, creators of JavaScript. Java does not take long to reach the hearts of desktop programmers, providing a platform multiplatform and robust for developers. In its beginnings left much to be desired in the graphical interface, because the original graphics library, AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit), was much attached to the operating system and engaged in targeted bugs, that is to say, bugs specific to each operating system. This is a nightmare for any developer, since it is forced to test their application on each operating system. But with the appearance of Swing, the current library of graphical user interface, all these problems were solved. However, the biggest market of Java now is aimed at server applications, offering in the platform J2EE a wide range of tools to develop secure systems, scalable and robust. Java, rather than a programming language, was developed considering a technology or framework. Three different flavors are distinguished, each focused on a specific need: J2ME: Java Micro Edition, destined for develop mobile applications. It is developed considering the limited resources that have a mobile device. J2SE: Java Standard Edition, for the world of desktop applications. It is the core of the language; containing the base of the API (Application Programming Interface) this offers us. J2EE: Java Enterprise Edition, for the systems business. It is built on J2SE, but with the addition of a large security API, giving the developer all the tools necessary. Today Java is present in every field of modern programming, from phones to biggest servers, but the secret of its success, beyond the great API that offers and its syntax, has been the JVM (Java Virtual Machine), the key piece in this masterpiece. It is responsible for interpreting the bytecode and executes the statements. It also contains the Garbage Collector, a collection of resources unattainable in the application, which allows the developer to concentrate on the logic, and worry less about the memory leaks. What is Java? Ok, we saw the history of Java, but what is Java? In theory is defined as a multiplatform language and object-oriented, but these are terms that only a technical person can understand. In plain and simple terms, Java is a programming language able to run on any operative system and implements a paradigm that facilitates the maintenance of the application. Java, like any programming language object-oriented, depends on Classes and Objects. A class is nothing more than a template from which an object is created. But once again, this can only be understood by a technical user. In plain words, a class is a blueprint from which it is possible to construct a building. We know that from a class we can construct an object, but what is an object? Simple, an object is an instance of a class. Following our previous example, a building would be an object (since it was built from a plane). The objects in the real world have attributes and functions. For example a human being is an object with several attributes: color, weight, height, attitude, and also has several functions: eating, walking, talking, etc. The same concept applies to objects in Java; an object has attributes and functions. Attributes describe the object and functions are the actions that objects can execute. For example, the object calculator may have the attribute buttons and the function add. We have already seen part of object-orientation, but what can be a multiplatform? To explain this concept we have to introduce another: machine code. For machine code we refer to instructions a computer can understand. The disadvantage is that code should be written individually for each operative system; so for example if we develop an application in machine code, we have to write that code different ways according to the operative system. Here comes into play our friend multiplatform. When we say that a language is multiplatform, refers to the fact that the same code runs on any operative system. Yes, only be developed once and our application will be able to run on any platform. Java: Syntax We already know the story and what is Java, but how to use Java? Before this, we should know talk java; we must know its syntax. Syntax is the set of laws and regulations must be followed when we are developing in Java. It is a lot like the spelling rules which exist in all human language. In all syntax of any programming language there are keywords or reserved words. What is this? Nothing more than words reserved by Java for personal use and therefore the programmer can not use it in his code. These keywords are: abstract continue for new switch assert default goto package synchronized boolean do double private this break double implements protected throw byte else import public throws case enum instance of return transient catch extends int short try char final interface static void class finally long strictfp volatile const float native super while Each of these keywords serve a function in Java, but we will them see later. As we saw previously, Java is object oriented, so has attributes and functions. In the world of Java these are called variables and methods. A variable is a reserved space of memory, that means a data container. Each variable must have a data type. A what? A data type is what kind of values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹this variable can hold: numbers, characters, Boolean, dogs, cats, etc. The syntax for declaring a variable in Java is: [access modifier] [behavior modifier] [datatype] [name] Later we will see what each one of them is about. We saw the variables or attributes, but what about functions? From now on we will call them methods. One method is a block of code to be executed in an orderly and sequential way. The syntax for declaring a method in Java is: [access modifier] [behavior modifier] [return type] [name] [parameters] [exceptions] [body of the method] Again, do not worry about knowing what that means for now. We have seen the objects, but it is time to see the classes. As noted above, a class is a template from which an object is created, therefore, the class must contain all the information that describes the object. The syntax for declaring a class in Java is: [access modifier] [behavior modifier] [name] [body] Java: Access Modifiers Previously we saw these words repeated several times, access modifier, but what is this? From a technical point of view, these are restrictions that attach to members of a class, access restrictions, meaning, who can and who cannot access them. In Java there are four access modifiers, and three of them are keywords of the language: public, protected, private and default. default modifier: This is the modifier that assigns the virtual machine to any member if no one has been told directly. This modifier restricts use of the member only classes that are declared inside the same package as this one. public: Is the modifier most permissive of all, because gives to the member access to any class declared with this switch. protected: Is the second most permissive. It is identical to the modifier by default, only extending access to any class that inherits from the class containing the member. Inherit? Yes, classes can be inherited, but we will see later. private: Is the modifier most restrictive of all. A member declared with this modifier can only be accessed from within the class. As mentioned above, public, protected and private are keywords in Java and can not be used as identifiers, that is, as class names, variables or methods. Java: Behavior Modifiers I assume the name is very intuitive, these modifiers act on how in which a member behaves. In total, they are seven and are also keywords of Java. These are: static: When a member is declared as static, ceases to belong to an instance of an object and becomes part of a class. abstract: When a member is declared as abstract, this member will lack of implementation and will take only a signature. synchronized: When a member is declared synchronized, this member will restrict his access to only one thread at a time. strictfp: When a member is declared with this modifier, floating point values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹shall be governed by a set of special rules and will depend on the implementation of each Virtual Machine. volatile: Changes made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹to a volatile member is effective only if each of them go into effect, that means, if the value is changed three times, these three changes come into effect only if the three changes go into effect. native: A member declared as native will possess the body of its definition in machine code. final: This indicates what value of a member can not be changed. Java: Data types We mentioned previously a data type refers to what types of values may contain a variable. In Java there are primitive data and reference data. Primitives are those that are not defined in a class; and reference is the contrary, are those that are defined by a class. All primitives are keywords in the language and are the following: byte: Refers to a whole numeric value with a limit of 8 a short: refers to a whole numeric value with a limit of 16 bits int: refers to a whole numeric value with a limit of 32 bits long: refers to a whole numeric value with a limit of 64 bits float: refers to a decimal value with a limit of 32 bits double: refers to a decimal value of 64 bits char: refers to a character and has a limit of 32 bits boolean: refers to a Boolean value, that is two states. Reference types can be any existing class in the Java API or defined by the user. Java: Our First Steps We have mastered the theory, but go to practice. We know the syntax to declare a class and its members so here we go: public class HelloWorld { private final int number = 5; public static void main (String [] args) { System.out.println (number); } } All this should go in a document with the same name of the class and end in (. java), in our case would be a document HelloWorld.java We have just seen the most basic example, a class declared public with the name HelloWorld. It contains a private variable and constant, a public and static method, which sends to print on console the value of the variable number. But writing this code is not enough, we must now compile. Java offers a set of tools for developers called JDK (Java Development Kit) and these include a compiler. To compile this code we go to a console and type: javac HelloWorld.java To run our code we must use another tool found in the JDK: java

Babe Ruth :: essays research papers

On February 6, 1895, George Herman Ruth, Jr., was born in his grandparents house in Baltimore, Maryland. Ruth as a young child. Ruth’s dad worked as a bartender and owned his own bar. They spent very little time with George because they worked long hours. Eventually, his parents felt that they couldn’t take care of George, and on June 13, 1902, he was taken to St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys. His custody was also signed over to the Xaverian Brothers, a Catholic Order of Jesuit Missionaries who ran St. Mary’s. St. Mary’s was both a reformatory and orphanage, which was surrounded by a wall like a prison with guards on duty. George, who was always involved in pranks and fights, was classified as "incorrigible" when he was admitted. The only positive thing that happened from going to St. Mary’s was meeting Brother Mathias. Brother Mathias was the disciplinary guy at St. Mary’s. He spent a lot of time with George. He even helped Ruth learn to be a baseball player. Baseball was a popular game for the boys at St. Mary’s and George played well at a young age. He played all positions on the field, was an excellent pitcher and had the ability to hit the ball very well. By his late teens Ruth had developed into a major league baseball prospect. On February 27, 1914, at the age of nineteen, the Baltimore Orioles signed Babe to his first professional baseball contract. Because Ruth’s parents had signed over custody of him to St. Mary’s, he was supposed to remain at the school until he was twenty-one. To go around this, Dunn, the man who signed him, became Ruth’s legal guardian. Just five months after being signed by the Baltimore Orioles, Babe Ruth was sold to the Boston Red Sox. He made his debut as a major leaguer in Fenway Park on July 11, 1914, pitching against the Cleveland Indians. In the mornings, Ruth would frequent Landers’ Coffee Shop in Boston, and it is here that he met Helen Woodford, a seventeen-year-old waitress. They married on October 17, 1914 at St. Paul’s Roman Catholic Church in Ellicott City, Maryland. As Babe’s career began to blossom and his salary increased, by 1919 he was making $10,000 per year, he and Helen were able to buy a home outside of Boston in Sudbury, Massachusetts. In December of 1919 Babe was sold to the New York Yankees, owned by Colonel Jacob Ruppert and managed by Miller Huggins.

Internet Security :: essays research papers

Internet Security What will US politics and the economy be like as we progress through the twenty-first century? There is no single vision, but many people perceive a type of digital democracy. The use of information via Internet or World Wide Web will dramatically change politics and the way government takes place. For example, a digital democracy can inform people about political candidates and issues. Volunteers also use email and web sites to encourage people to go to the polls and vote for their candidate. (1) This really boosts voting and political participation but the problem of security and privacy comes along with this â€Å"digital democracy†. Security would seem easy with today’s technology but how do you secure something that is changing faster than you can find a solution?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Even today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, it still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. (2) It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, but it cannot resist college undergraduates. (2) The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up a part of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. (1) Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply repairs. (1) As general-purpose scripts were introduced on both the client and the serv er’s sides, the dangers of accidental and malicious abuse grew. It did not take long for the Web the move form the scientific community to the commercial world. At this point, the security threats became much more serious. The incentive for malicious attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in the underlying technologies is at an all-time high.(1) When business and profit are at stake, we cannot assume anything less than the most dedicated and resourceful attackers typing their utmost to steal, cheat, and perform malice against users of the Web. (2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the web being the single, largest source of information in the world, people are capable of obtaining stock quotes, tax information from the International Revenue Service, conduct election polls, register for a conference and the list goes on.

Ancestral Puebloans: The Southwest American Indians Essay -- Explorato

Ancestral Puebloans: The Southwest American Indians "Man corn", warfare and atlatls were not the only interesting aspects of the Anasazi culture. The history and lifestyles of the Ancestral Puebloans may have contributed to their mysterious disappearance. Their societies were more complex than most humans realize. The Anasazi, or to be politically correct, the Ancestral Puebloans, traveled to the Southwest from Mexico around 100 A.D. (Southwest Indian Relief Council, 2001). The word "Anasazi" originated from the Navajo word that translates to "ancestral enemies." The name was changed from Anasazi to Ancestral Puebloans so that their ancestors today do not take offense to the history of the people in their past. The Anasazi were known to be a nomadic people. They generally moved around until they found the perfect land for farming. This perfect land happened to be scattered across the southwest portion of the United States, mostly in the Four-Corner region of Arizona, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico (SWIRC, 2001). Mesa Verde, Chaco Canyon and Hovenweep were some of the most attractive places for these nomadic farmers to settle down. Mesa Verde provided the Anasazi with a high plateau full of canyons, caves and "Cliff Palaces." Chaco Canyon served as the center for all Anasazi activity. Hovenweep contained many cliff dwellings, perfect for a thriving, but remote Anasazi site. The Anasazi Indians developed their farming methods gradually once they found the perfect homelands. They would grow and eat corn, squash, pinon nuts, fruits and berries. Once the corn was fully-grown, the Anasazi women ground the corn with ametate and a mano. The metate is a "flat stone receptacle" and the mano is a "hand-held stone" (Ferguson... ...mber/October). Flight of the Anasazi. Archaeology, 44 Noble, D. G. (1985). Understanding the Anasazi of mesa verde and hovenweep. Pgs. 35-37. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press. Pueblo Indian. (2002, April). History of the pueblo indians (cont.). Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://www.puebloindian.com/pueblo_history_003.htm Roberts, D. (1996). In search of the old ones. Pgs. 13, 31. New York: Touchstone. Southwest Indian Relief Council. (2001, July). Southwest indian history: 300 B. C.: Anasazi. Retrieved March 11, 2003, from http://www.swirc.org/history/anasazi.html S. P. (2002, September). Could the Anasazi have stayed? Science News, 174. Torres, N. & Stuart, S. Anasazi indians. Retrieved March 12, 2003, from http://www.crystalinks.com/anasazi.html Williams, S. (1991). Fantastic archaeology. Pgs. 339-340. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Parental Involvement in the School Setting

As the diverseness of the United States school system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today are progressively strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless of the physical assets or funding a school may hold, indispensable resources remain: the parents of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils ‘ households and more feverish agendas, is the room female parent ( or father ) outlook many instructors might hold realistic in today ‘s society? In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to see stay-at-home female parents or male parents, or parents with flexible work agendas, due to greater richness. It is typically this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are assisting in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental engagement in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent engagement helps â€Å" provide pupils with the attending and resources they lack from school. † Schools with less money, so, should profit most from the activity of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents can come to the deliverance by going involved at school. Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. Hill et Al. ( 2004 ) found that parent engagement in faculty members related positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped better behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is peculiarly true when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 ) The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in demand do non hold the ability to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a hebdomad with his or her pupil ‘s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication used in the school. And possibly the parents are ashamed about their ain degree of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment. A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to accomplishment and aspirations. However, this was merely the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better direction to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, saying that parents ‘ instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a contradictory factor with employment, clip, or oth er variables. An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does n't work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez ‘s 2000 article on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids ‘s instruction should go around around fixing kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry throughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they find they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling – it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs. Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids ‘s schools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical â€Å" involved parent † image many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from deprived backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school disposal and instructor. While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who speak non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them. Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to halt by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, the school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can larn better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less intimidating undertaking. Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command precisely how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for alteration in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines â€Å" parental engagement. † As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school ‘s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement necessary to include all parents in the educational system. Parental Involvement In The School Setting As the diverseness of the United States school system continues to turn, the pedagogues of today are progressively strained to supply the best instruction possible for every kid. Regardless of the physical assets or funding a school may hold, indispensable resources remain: the parents of the pupils. But with the altering demographics of pupils ‘ households and more feverish agendas, is the room female parent ( or father ) outlook many instructors might hold realistic in today ‘s society? In peculiar countries of the state, it is more common to see stay-at-home female parents or male parents, or parents with flexible work agendas, due to greater richness. It is typically this type of single that we associate with room female parents ( or male parents ) who are assisting in the schoolroom. While all socioeconomic groups stand to profit from parental engagement in the schools, Lam ( 2002 ) acknowledges that parent engagement helps â€Å" provide pupils with the attending and resources they lack from school. † Schools with less money, so, should profit most from the activity of parents in the schoolroom. When instructors in urban or rural schoolrooms lack books or stuffs, parents can come to the deliverance by going involved at school. Schools that are going more racially diverse can harvest great benefits from parental engagement. Hill et Al. ( 2004 ) found that parent engagement in faculty members related positively to achievement for African American pupils. For urban, low-income pupils in the Head Start plan, engagement of parents in the schools helped better behavior behaviours, hyperactivity, and a deficiency of attending. This is peculiarly true when engagement in the school accompanies educational support at place. ( Fantuzzo, McWayne, and Perry 2004 ) The issue that arises is that many parents in the communities in demand do non hold the ability to assist in the traditional sense. For illustration, parents in an underprivileged country may be working multiple occupations to prolong their households, and it is non an option to pass an hr a hebdomad with his or her pupil ‘s schoolroom. Or immigrant parents may experience unable to assist because they do non talk the linguistic communication used in the school. And possibly the parents are ashamed about their ain degree of academic attainment and their inability to assist their kids with school assignment. A 2004 survey by Hill et Al. found that parent engagement in school from 7th through 11th class helped diminish behavioural jobs, which in bend related to accomplishment and aspirations. However, this was merely the instance for parents with higher educational degrees themselves. For the lower parental instruction group, the lone facet schoolroom engagement helped was with aspirations. One ground for this consequence may be a cyclical procedure identified in a survey by Englund et Al. ( 2004 ) Parents who themselves are knowing will supply better direction to their kids prior to schooling. This educational support early in life correlatives with a higher IQ, and a higher Intelligence quotient additions parent outlooks for their kid and parent engagement in the schoolroom. Contradictory grounds exists every bit good, saying that parents ‘ instruction degrees do non impact their engagement in schools, because instruction may be a contradictory factor with employment, clip, or oth er variables. An illustration of how the typical parental engagement strategy of some instructors does n't work is evidenced in Martinez and Valazquez ‘s 2000 article on Latino migratory workers. They write that instructors typically hold the outlook that parent engagement in their kids ‘s instruction should go around around fixing kids for school, coming to school-sponsored events, and making activities the instructor petitions. However, the life fortunes of many Hispanic migrator workers prevent them from carry throughing this function. When these persons lack clip, eloquence in English, and educational attainment, they find they are unable to run into teacher outlooks. It is non that they are unwilling – it is that they are incapable given their state of affairs. Evidence shows that acquiring parents involved in their kids ‘s schools can merely take to positive consequences, but many parents in our multicultural society are unable to mirror the typical â€Å" involved parent † image many instructors hold as a criterion. Influences of employment can impede the clip available for assisting in the schoolroom, and embarrassment about educational degree or linguistic communication proficiency deter those who would otherwise be able to be active in the schoolroom. An essay by Cotton and Wickelund ( 1989 ) points out that parents from deprived backgrounds can do a difference and experience worthwhile in the schoolroom if given proper preparation and encouragement by the school disposal and instructor. While pedagogues learn how to better turn to the demands of pupils in the diverse schoolroom, the demands and desires of parents should be considered a cardinal factor in the success of these kids. To better the engagement of parents in schools, instructors should believe outside of the typical meetings and chaperoning field trip roles that merely certain parents can afford to carry through. An article in Parents magazine describes options such as keeping a school web page or staffing a prep hotline. Parents who speak non-English linguistic communications could assist pass on assignments with pupils who speak the same linguistic communication. Teachers can videotape or telecast meetings and events so people who are non free during the school twenty-four hours can see them at a clip more convenient for them. Addressing the demands of the household and community as a whole is another manner to promote engagement by a diverse population, as advocated in an Education World online article. Making a household centre at the school to promote communicating allows parents to halt by the school at their convenience. Family needs can be assessed to supply for greater attention for the household unit and community. For illustration, if a household needs societal service referrals or improved entree to healthcare, the school can move as a affair to guarantee that these basic demands are met. Children can larn better in schools when they are healthy and supported, and trust between the parents and the school can be established when households know the kids are being cared for even beyond the school twenty-four hours. Finally, leting parents and households to take part in the ways in which they feel comfy can do being involved a less intimidating undertaking. Teachers and decision makers understand that making a supportive educational environment for their pupils is the first measure toward academic success. While it is hard to command precisely how the parent-child interaction occurs outside of the schoolroom, research shows that acquiring parents involved in the schoolroom can assist kids of all backgrounds reach their educational ends. However, there is a demand for alteration in the eyes of pedagogues as to what defines â€Å" parental engagement. † As our communities evolve and become progressively diverse, it is indispensable to be cognizant of the reserves parents may hold about being active in school. Thus it is the school ‘s duty to measure the demands of the community and the accomplishments parents can supply, and so supply parents with the flexibleness, adjustments, and encouragement necessary to include all parents in the educational system.

Cesar’s Mourning Essay

The confine subject of this opus is the classical literary work of Oscar Hijuelos cor wizted Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love. The disk revolves somewhat the lives of two musically inc business sectord br early(a)s who migrated to the States from Cuba. The brothers were genus genus genus Nestor and Cesar. As found in the books title the primal theme was extol. The book has express different forms of hump for different kinds of relationships. It express unconditional love for a brother, equal what Cesar and Nestor had for each other. It expressed love for the fair sex you married, care how Nestor tangle for Dolores.It expressed love for a woman you know you can never nonplus, deal how Cesar entangle for Dolores or how Nestor matt-up for Maria. These interplay of sensations provided for the central theme of the book which besides made way for the resolution of the inquiry wherefore Cesar cant regret for Nestor. This paper entrust seek to reaction such question t hrough the character of a structured assembly line. In roll to be able to support its joust that Cesar cannot really deplore for Nestor for two reasons beca utilise unconsciously or consciously he knew he was better of without Nestor and because Cesar was amenable for making Nestor unhappy (Thesis Statement).The line of thinking pursued by this paper may be dark and smelly to some. Still an open mind pull up stakes find that when they look closer this contender is in feature worthy. Cesar cannot rattling mourn for Nestor. One cannot truly mourn for soulfulness else if he knows that he is better dispatch without him. This is easy to see. Imagine the life of Cesar if Nestor had died. The woman he loved, Dolores, allow be his for the taking. He would no longer have to deal with pulling the weight of a younger brother who had no intake but to open a jam and come back to his Maria.True that the book never expressed that Cesar tangle like this. However, a careful look and psychometric test of the story itself will show us that this line of argument is very much tenable. The loss of psyche when beneficial to us denies us from the emotion of distress. It is true that when 1 experiences joy when another one passes past is devious and callous. However not wo for someone is not necessarily devious and callous. Let us presuppose that Cesar was melancholy that Nestor passed away. He may thence be sad that the brother he loved so much passed away. except can he mourn for him? No, because consciously or unconsciously he knew that the expiration of Cesar would benefit him. This is a sadistic and untamed interpretation of the emotions of Cesar. Sadistic and cruel it may be but tenable and meritorious it still is. One of the statements in the book that professed this fact was The deepest urge in sympathetic nature is the desire to be all important(p) to be great the rare psyche who satisfies this angle will hold passel in the palm of his hand. So flush the undertaker will regret his termination (Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love, Hijuelos)The second reason why Cesar cannot truly mourn for Nestor is the fact that Cesar was the reason why Nestor terminate up that way. Cesar was very ambitious and for everything he wanted to do he necessary Nestor to be there. On the other hand Nestor was more pose back and simple. Nestor only dreamt of a simple life a infinitesimal bar in Cuba would have been nice for him. However Cesars ambition was insatiable. Cesars insatiable ambition caused Nestors unhappiness. In the book to quote Cesar verbalise Theres no dream, its our life (Mambo Kings Plays Songs of Love, Hijuelos).This is one of the reasons why Cesar cannot truly mourn for Nestor. Cesar cannot truly mourn for Nestor because he knew that Nestor was not happy. Cesar knew that when Nestor died his life was empty and incomplete. Considering this fact is it executable for Cesar to feel mourning for Nestor? No, because the emoti on that lingered with Cesar on Nestors end could not have been mourning. The emotion that lingered with Cesar is iniquity and not mourning. He felt blameable for driving his brother to unhappiness. He felt guilty for leading his brother to a life his brother never wanted.Carrying these kinds of emotions will not allow us to mourn for anyone. If anything this kind of guilt will chock up us to anger for ourselves. However these kinds of emotions will not elicit mourning. Mourning is a word we ofttimes carelessly use to describe someones effect when someone important to them passes. However, as argued and contended by this paper just because someone we love dies does not necessarily imply that the emotion we feel is mourning. There are a lot of other emotions one may possess when someone passes away. More often the emotion that we feel is not mourning.This argument however does not devoid or considers that one does not feel mourning when someone close to them dies. On the black e ye it submits that mourning is indeed an emotion felt by anyone of us for the loss of someone but does not necessarily hire for all cases. The story of Cesar and Nestor is one example where a brother cannot truly mourn for another because of envy and guilt. The clearest verbiage of guilt instead of mourning was when Cesar tell I would trade places with him right now, if I could.. (Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love, Hijuelos) Works Cited Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love, Oscar Hijuelos